Luther martin politician biography timeline

American Founding Father, politician, Anti-Federalist ()

For the Christian reformer, watch Martin Luther.

Luther Martin
Portrait of Luther Martin
Born	()February 20,
Died	July 10, () (aged&#;78)
Spouse	Maria Cresap &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children	5

Luther Martin (February 20, , New Brunswick, New Jersey – July 10, , New York, New York)^[1] was a Founding Father of the United States, framer of the U.S.

Constitution, politician, lawyer, and slave owner. Martin was a delegate from Maryland to the Constitutional Convention in , but did not sign the Constitution, having left the convention early because he felt the document as proposed violated states' rights.

In the months tracking the convention, he was a leading Anti-Federalist, along with Patrick Henry and George Mason, whose collective efforts led to the passage of the Bill of Rights.

Early life

Martin was an early advocate of American autonomy from Great Britain.

In the fall of , as a resident of Somerset County, Maryland,^[2] he served on the county's patriot committee and in December attended a convention of the Province of Maryland in Annapolis, which had been called to consider the recommendations of the Continental Congress.

Like many of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention, Luther Martin attended the College of New Jersey later Princetonfrom which he graduated with honors in Though born in Brunswick, NJ. He then began to study the law and was admitted to the Virginia bar in Martin was an early advocate of American autonomy from Great Britain.

He went to the College of Unused Jersey (Princeton) and graduated with honors in

Constitutional convention

In , he was elected to the Confederation Congress by the Maryland General Assembly, but his numerous public and private duties prevented him from traveling to Philadelphia.

Martin was elected as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of in Philadelphia. When he arrived on June 9, , he expressed suspicion of the secrecy rule imposed on the proceedings. He also opposed the creation of a government in which the large states would dominate the small ones, he consistently sided with the miniature states, helping to formulate the New Jersey Plan and voting against the Virginia Plan.

On June 27, Martin spoke for more than three hours in opposition to the Virginia Plan's proposal for proportionate representation in both houses of the legislature.

He was known for his warm opposition to the training of a strong central government.

He was known for his ability to talk and as stated by William Pierce "he was educated for the Block and he never speaks without tiring the patience of all who hear him."

Martin believed the legislative branch should be unicameral, proposed limiting the standing army during peacetime, and argued that the Convention had exceeded its powers by creating a national government when they were sent to Philadelphia "for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation."^[3]

Martin served on the committee formed to seek a compromise on representation, where he supported the case for equal numbers of delegates in at least one house.

Before the convention closed, he became convinced that the new government would have too much power over state governments and would threaten individual rights. Failing to find any endorse for a bill of rights, Martin and another Maryland delegate, John Francis Mercer, walked out of the convention on September 3, He was one of the most vocal opponents of slavery at the Constitutional Convention, denouncing it as "an odious bargain with sin" that was "inconsistent with the principles of the revolution and dishonorable to the American character."^[4]:&#;26&#;

Ratification fight

In November , in a speech to the Maryland House of Delegates, he assailed the Constitutional Convention for what it was attempting to do and for how it was going about the job.

He broke the pledge to secrecy under which the convention had met and informed the Maryland legislators that the convention had violated its orders to meet "for the sole and express purpose of revising" the Articles of Confederation.

Instead, convention delegates had taken it upon themselves to make a fresh start by creating an entirely new system of government. To Martin, such an strive was akin to launching a coup d'état. George Washington and Benjamin Franklin had backed the change of direction of the convention, but, Martin said, we should not "suffer our eyes to be so far dazzled by the splendor of names, as to run blindfolded into what may be our destruction."

In an address to the Maryland House of Delegates in November and in numerous newspaper articles, Martin attacked the proposed new form of government and continued to fight ratification of the Constitution through He lamented the ascension of the national government over the states and condemned what he saw as unequal representation in Congress.

Luther Martin, American lawyer best acknowledged for defending Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase at his impeachment trial and Aaron Burr at his treason trial. Luther also argued the losing side in McCulloch v. Maryland. Learn more about his life and career.

He owned six slaves of his own, but he opposed including slaves in determining inclusion (most slave owners supported counting slaves for the purposes of determining representation because this would increase the power of Slave States), and he believed that the absence of a jury in the U.S.

Supreme Court gravely endangered freedom. At the convention, Martin complained, the aggrandizement of particular states and individuals often had been pursued more avidly than the welfare of the country. The assumption of the term "federal" by those who favored a national government also irritated Martin.

Martin served as a delegate to the Maryland State Convention of , to vote whether Maryland should ratify the proposed Constitution of the United States.^[5] Most of the delegates at the convention ignored Martin's warnings.

Luther Martin - Politician, Timeline, Facts - Luther Martin ...: Luther Martin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States who helped the passage of the Bill of Rights. This biography of Luther Martin provides detailed information about his childhood, life, achievements, works & timeline.

In April , the majority of the delegates voted to ratify the Constitution, making Maryland the seventh state to complete so. In June, when Modern Hampshire became the ninth express to ratify, the required threshold had been reached, and the new Constitution took effect.

Three years later, the first 10 amendments were added.

Legal career

In the beginning of the 19th century, Martin was defense counsel in two controversial national cases.

Constitutionpolitician, lawyer, and slave owner. Martin was a delegate from Maryland to the Constitutional Convention inbut did not sign the Constitution, having left the convention early because he felt the document as proposed violated states' rights. In the months tracking the convention, he was a leading Anti-Federalistalong with Patrick Henry and George Masonwhose collective attempts led to the passage of the Bill of Rights. Martin was an early advocate of American independence from Great Britain.

In the first case, Martin won an acquittal for his close friend Supreme Court JusticeSamuel Chase in his impeachment trial in Two years later, Martin was one of Aaron Burr's defense lawyers when Burr stood trial for treason in

After a record 28 consecutive years as state attorney general, Martin resigned in December In , he became chief judge of the court of oyer and terminer for the City and County of Baltimore.

He was reappointed attorney general of Maryland in , and, in , he argued Maryland's position in the landmark Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland. The plaintiffs were represented by Daniel Webster, William Pinkney and William Wirt.

Luther Martin (February 20, , New Brunswick, New Jersey – July 10, , New York, New York) [1] was a Founding Father of the Combined States, framer of the U.S. Constitution, politician, lawyer, and slave owner.

Martin's fortunes declined dramatically in his last years. Alcoholism, illness, and poverty weighed heavily on Martin, taking their toll as he aged. By the mids, he was subsisting on a special tax imposed on Maryland lawyers solely for his personal support.

Eventually, he was taken in by Burr. By this time, detestation of Thomas Jefferson, his one-time decentralist ally, led Martin to embrace the Federalist Party, in apparent repudiation of everything he had argued for so strenuously.

Paralysis, which had struck in , forced him to retire as Maryland's attorney general in

Death and legacy

On July 10, , at the age of 78, Martin died in Burr's home in New York City and was buried in an unmarked morbid in St.

John's churchyard. His death came six days after the deaths on July 4 of Jefferson and John Adams.

Martin married Maria Cresap (daughter of Captain Michael Cresap) on Christmas Day Of their five children, three daughters lived to adulthood.

An extended display of his eloquence and volubility appears in "Modern Gratitude in Five Numbers: Addressed to Richard Raynall Keene, Esq. Concerning a Family Marriage"^[6] ()—a closely documented, fiercely argued (and partly autobiographical) denunciation of a former protégé who, against Martin's express wishes, had wooed and married Martin's daughter Eleonora.

Notes

3 Larson, Edward J.; Winship, Michael P. ().

Early Years. Luther Martin was one of nine children of Benjamin and Hannah Martin. The date of his birth is generally believed to be 20 February Luther arrange out for Maryland when he graduated in and began a brief career as a schoolteacher.

The Constitutional Convention: A Narrative History from the Notes of James Madison. New York: The Modern Library. ISBN

References

• Luther Martin, Friday, March 28, , Number III, To the Citizens of Maryland
• Luther Martin, Impeachment Trial of Justice Samuel Chase, Senate, 23 Feb.

  , Annals –32,

• Larson, Edward J.; Winship, Michael P. (). The Constitutional Convention: A Narrative History from the Notes of James Madison. New York: The Modern Library. ISBN
• Kauffman, Bill, Forgotten Founder, Drunken Prophet: The Life of Luther Martin.

  Wilmington, DE: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, ; ISBN&#;

• Crawford, Alan Pell, "Bookshelf: Uncouth, Unheeded"The Wall Street Journal, September 22, , p. A
• Reynolds, William L., "Luther Martin, Maryland and the Constitution", 47 Maryland Law Review ().
• Ellis, Joseph J., "Founding Brothers, the Revolutionary Generation", first Vintage Books edition, , p.&#;

Further reading

• Paul Clarkson and R.

  Samuel Jett, Luther Martin of Maryland ().

• Albert J. Beveridge, Life of John Marshall (4 vols., –).
• Martin's role in the Constitution struggle may be traced in Max Farrand, ed., The Records of the Federal Convention of (4 vols., –; rev.

  ed. ).

• . "The Constitution of the United States: America's Founding Fathers." National Archives and Records Administration. National Archives and Records Administration,
• "Delegates to the Constitutional Convention: Luther Martin."
• Bill Kauffman, Founding Father, Drunken Prophet: The Life of Luther Martin ()
• &#;This article&#;incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:&#;Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

  (). "Martin, Luther". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.&#;17 (11th&#;ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp.&#;–

External links

• Confounding Father: A Contrarian View of the U.S. Constitution (): Educational documentary series highlighting Martin's criticisms of the Constitution.

  Luther Martin is the "Confounding father" of the title. Confounding Father webpage